Overview of a Computer System

A computer system is an integrated setup of hardware, software, data, and users working together to perform specific tasks. It processes input data into meaningful output with the help of the following components:

1. Hardware: Physical components like CPU, memory, storage, and peripherals.
2. Software: Programs and operating systems that instruct hardware.
3. Data: Raw facts and figures that are processed into information.
4. Users: People interacting with the system to perform tasks.

1.2.1 Data and Data Processing

Data

• Definition: Data refers to raw, unprocessed facts and figures without context. It could be numbers, text, images, or symbols.
• Example: Names, dates, measurements, and transactions.

Data Processing

• Definition: The act of collecting, organizing, manipulating, and converting raw data into meaningful and usable information.
• Steps in Data Processing:
  1. Collection: Gathering raw data from different sources.
  2. Input: Entering data into the computer via input devices.
  3. Processing: The CPU manipulates and processes the data based on instructions.
  4. Storage: Saving processed data for future use.
  5. Output: Presenting processed information in a readable format (e.g., reports, graphs).
  6. Feedback: Using processed data to refine inputs and processes.

Importance of Data Processing

• Converts raw data into actionable information.
• Helps in decision-making and problem-solving.
• Automates repetitive tasks and improves accuracy.