About Lesson
1.1 Definition of Computers
A computer is an electronic device that processes data to produce meaningful information. It performs calculations, data processing, and automation based on input and instructions provided by users.
History of Computers
- Early Era:
- Abacus (Ancient tool for calculations).
- Mechanical devices like Pascaline (1642) and Analytical Engine (1837) by Charles Babbage.
- Modern Computers:
- First generation: Vacuum tube-based systems (1940-1956).
- Continuous advancements leading to present-day smart computing devices.
Generations of Computers
- First Generation (1940-1956): Used vacuum tubes, were bulky, and consumed high energy (e.g., ENIAC).
- Second Generation (1956-1963): Used transistors, smaller and faster.
- Third Generation (1964-1971): Integrated Circuits (ICs) introduced.
- Fourth Generation (1971-Present): Microprocessors, personal computers.
- Fifth Generation (Present-Future): Focus on AI, robotics, and quantum computing.
Characteristics of Computers
- Speed: Perform millions of instructions per second.
- Accuracy: High precision with minimal errors.
- Automation: Performs tasks automatically after programming.
- Storage: Large capacity to store data for future use.
- Versatility: Can handle a variety of tasks.
- Connectivity: Allows integration and communication via networks.
Types of Computers
- Based on Purpose:
- General-purpose computers (e.g., PCs).
- Special-purpose computers (e.g., ATMs).
- Based on Size and Power:
- Supercomputers.
- Mainframe computers.
- Minicomputers.
- Microcomputers.
- Other Types:
- Desktop, Laptop, Tablets, Smartphones, and Embedded Systems.
Applications of Computers
- Education: E-learning platforms and research.
- Healthcare: Medical diagnosis, hospital management.
- Business: Accounting, inventory, and customer management.
- Government: E-governance, data processing.
- Engineering: CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and simulations.
- Entertainment: Gaming, video editing, and streaming.
